# Demonstrate OOPS Concept

here's an example Java program that demonstrates the use of all the OOP concepts:

{% code title="Animal.java" %}

```java
public abstract class Animal {
    private String name;
    
    public Animal(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public abstract String getSound();
}
```

{% endcode %}

{% code title="Dog.java" %}

```java
public class Dog extends Animal {
    public Dog(String name) {
        super(name);
    }
    
    public String getSound() {
        return "Woof!";
    }
}
```

{% endcode %}

{% code title="Cat.java" %}

```java
public class Cat extends Animal {
    public Cat(String name) {
        super(name);
    }
    
    public String getSound() {
        return "Meow!";
    }
}
```

{% endcode %}

{% code title="AnimalSound.java" %}

```java
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class AnimalSound {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<Animal> animals = new ArrayList<Animal>();
        animals.add(new Dog("Buddy"));
        animals.add(new Cat("Whiskers"));
        
        for (Animal animal : animals) {
            System.out.println(animal.getName() + " says " + animal.getSound());
        }
    }
}
```

{% endcode %}

This program defines an abstract class `Animal` that has a private `name` field and an abstract `getSound` method. The `Dog` and `Cat` classes extend `Animal` and implement `getSound` to return the appropriate sound for each animal.

The `AnimalSound` class creates an `ArrayList` of `Animal` objects, adds a `Dog` and a `Cat` to it, and then iterates over the list, calling `getName` and `getSound` on each animal and printing the results to the console. This demonstrates the use of inheritance and polymorphism in OOP.

Overall, this program showcases encapsulation (the private `name` field), inheritance (the `Dog` and `Cat` classes extending `Animal`), polymorphism (the `Animal` objects being treated as either `Dog` or `Cat` objects depending on their actual type), and abstraction (the `Animal` class being abstract and defining an abstract method that its subclasses implement).


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